MCA aneurysm coiling with bouble microcatheter technique
How fast can flow diverters act ?
1. Giant aneurysms
2. Dissecting aneurysms
3. Blister aneuryms
4. Fusiform aneuryms
5. Wide neck aneurysms
While many cases have contrast stasis immediately after flow diverter placement, actual aneurysm 'closure' and arterial wall remodeling and endothelialisation takes place after a variable time-frame.
We came across a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, wherein DSA showed a irregular mild fusiform dilatation of the supraclinoid ICA with multiple blister like outpouchings.
Single PED Flex was placed, with no immediate change in appearance.
Patient developed vasospasm features, and was taken up for intra-arterial spasmolysis, during which the DSA showed smoothing of the arterial contour and non-visualisation of the blisters.
It can be said with guarantee that endothelialisation has not taken place, and the smoothening is due to the flow diversion effect. Probably the vasospasm also has added to the appearance.
DIAGNOSTIC DSA
FLOW DIVERTER
NEXT MORNING CHECK ANGIOGRAM
SAH with IVH, coiling and EVD done in same sitting in DSA
Flow diverter for a traumatic ICA pseudoaneurysm
DSA was done as there was a left parasellar mass, and showed a dissecting aneurysm.
Pipeline Flex was inserted on elective basis.
No contrast stasis was seen in control angiogram, however CT done after few hours showed complete thrombosis
Patient is doing well and is on follow up.
Check DSA is planed after 6 months.
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Coiling of ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm
Strategic coil placement at the mid-body of Pcom artery aneurysm
Aneurysm come in all shape and sizes and at all locations.
This one was in a 42 years old female patient with Grade I SAH and a ruptured right PcomA aneurysm.
The anatomy was odd with a bulbous, rather blister like proximal part, then a narrowing, then the body, again a narrowing then a teat like portion. The Pcom, of course, had to arise from the aneurysm; specifically it came at the site of first narrowing mentioned.
The aneurysm was directed laterally and posteriorly and had a curved structure rather.
The proximal bulbous portion measured 2.67 mm in diameter with equal neck and the distal narrower portions 2 mm.
So, I used an Echelon and Xpedion –ten system- to access the aneurysm.
Then i was in a fix as to how to go about fixing the aneurysm.
I put in a 2x6 3D AXIUM in the mid part of the aneurysm beyond the Pcom origin. The coil loops did try to go in the distal teat but somehow the entire coil could be fit in there.
Angio showed complete cessation of flow within that portion, with contrast stasis in the teat and the Pcom stayed patent.
However in the native images, still some space appeared within the coil mesh, so I took an AXIUM 2x4 Helix coil and pushed in.
The loops went into the first coil and then started to come into the proximal portion. Somehow, the loops in this part stayed horizontal thus restructuring the inflow zone and contrast flowing into the pcom.
But the last loop could not be fit in and kept pushing the microcatheter tip into the arterial lumen.
So I left the procedure at that point and put my hands up.
The patient is fine, and we all are happy, but do not know what this anueurysm was ot how best to treat it.
My surgeon too told he would have clipped in the midpart so the result would have been same, or rather bad as this looked to me like an infundibulum which had ruptured and the distal portion to me was nothing but a pseudoaneurysm.
I am keeping my fingers crossed. let’s see….
Heparin dosing is associated with diffusion weighted imaging lesion load following aneurysm coiling
Heparin dosing is associated with diffusion weighted imaging lesion load following aneurysm coiling: Background and purpose
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) may be used to evaluate post-coiling ischemia. Heparinization protocols for cerebral aneurysm coiling procedures differ among operators and centers, with little literature surrounding its effect on DWI lesions. The goal of this study was to determine which factors, including heparinization protocols, may affect DWI lesion load post-coiling.
Materials and methods
A review of 135 coiling procedures over 5 years at our centre was performed. Procedural data including length of procedure, number of coils used, stent or balloon assistance and operators were collected. Procedures were either assigned as using a bolus dose (>2000 U at any one time) or small aliquots of heparin (≤2000 U). Postprocedure DWI was reviewed and lesions were classified as small (< 5mm), medium (5–10 mm) or large (>10 mm). The cases were then classified into group 1 (≤5 small lesions) or group 2 (>5 small lesions or ≥1 medium or large lesion). Multivariate regression of the procedural variables for the two groups was calculated. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results
There were 78 procedures in group 1 and 57 procedures in group 2. Patients who received small aliquots (n=37) versus boluses of heparin (n=98) intraprocedurally had significantly greater frequency and size of DWI lesions (p=0.03). None of the other procedural variables was found to impact on lesion load.
Conclusions
More substantial DWI lesions were associated with small aliquots of heparin dosage compared with bolus doses. Heparin boluses should be preferentially administered during aneurysm coiling.
Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Guide...
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Purpose—
The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
Methods—A formal literature search of MEDLINE (November 1, 2006, through May 1, 2010) was performed. Data were synthesized with the use of evidence tables. Writing group members met by teleconference to discuss data-derived recommendations. The American Heart Association Stroke Council's Levels of Evidence grading algorithm was used to grade each recommendation. The guideline draft was reviewed by 7 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Leadership and Manuscript Oversight Committees. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated every 3 years.
Results—Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with aSAH. The focus of the guideline was subdivided into incidence, risk factors, prevention, natural history and outcome, diagnosis, prevention of rebleeding, surgical and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms, systems of care, anesthetic management during repair, management of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, management of hydrocephalus, management of seizures, and management of medical complications.
Conclusions—aSAH is a serious medical condition in which outcome can be dramatically impacted by early, aggressive, expert care. The guidelines offer a framework for goal-directed treatment of the patient with aSAH.
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Venous thrombosis presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 49 yrs, M
- Seizures on the morning of admission
- Vitals stable
- No focal deficit
- A CT done at admission showed SAH with flocculent surface hematoma in the left anterior frontal region…significantly there was no blood in the basal cisterns
- NCCT at admission
- Enlarged images of the NCCT
- A cerebral DSA was done which showed thrombosis of anterior part of the superior sagittal sinus, partial thrombosis of the inferior sagittal sinus with hypoplastic left transverse and sigmoid sinuses
- Right ICA angiogram
- Left ICA angiogram
- Left and right vertebral angiogram
- Right middle meningeal had anomalous origin from right petrous ICA
- Left ECA angiogram showed blush from the middle meningeal artery in the region of the thrombosed superior sagittal sinus
Patient was put on heparin after this
Accuracy of On-Call Resident Interpretation of CT Angiography for Intracrani...
While radiology residents are pretty good in reporting in general, they lack the skills in vascular imaging and neuroradiology in general.
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the accuracy of preliminary on-call radiology resident interpretation of CT angiography (CTA) compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in detecting cerebral aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review compared resident interpretations of head CTA performed after hours for SAH to the results of DSA. The sensitivity and specificity of resident interpretations were classified on a per-patient and per-aneurysm basis. The accuracy of resident interpretations was also determined according to aneurysm location and number.
RESULTS. Between January 2007 and December 2009, 83 patients with SAH underwent both CTA and DSA. DSA documented an aneurysm in 53 of 83 patients. Per patient, residents identified at least one aneurysm in 46 of 53 patients (87%). Per aneurysm, resident sensitivity and specificity for detecting aneurysms of any size were 62% and 91%, respectively, which improved for aneurysms 3 mm or larger to 73% and 97%, respectively. The posterior communicating and intracranial internal carotid arteries were resident "blind spots," with aneurysms 3 mm or larger detected with sensitivities of 33% and 50%, respectively. In contrast, anterior communicating artery aneurysms were correctly identified 95% of the time. In only 35% of cases with multiple aneurysms did residents correctly identify more than one aneurysm.
CONCLUSION. The sensitivity of on-call resident interpretation of CTA for aneurysms in SAH is lower than expected, with a potential for delay in diagnosis and management in a small number of patients. Focused training to carefully review apparent blind spots and the frequency of multiple aneurysms may reduce inaccuracies.
Dexamethasone helps outcome in hemorrhagic stroke patients
There has always been a debate whether steroids are beneficial in management of hemorrhagic stroke with many neurologists not favoring it citing lack of clinical evidence even though there has been enough basic research. Now a large blinded study comparing a large group of patients in two centers have been made available and clearly shows clinical benefits of dexamethasone.
A Comparison of Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Outcomes in 2 Populations
The Crete–Boston Study
- Ioannis Zaganas, MD, PhD;
- Amy P. Halpin, BS;
- Alexandra Oleinik, BA;
- Athanasios Alegakis, PhD;
- Dimitra Kotzamani, MD;
- Spiros Zafiris, MD;
- Chryssanthi Chlapoutaki, MD;
- Dimitris Tsimoulis, MD;
- Emmanouil Giannakoudakis, MD;
- Nikolaos Chochlidakis, MD;
- Aikaterini Ntailiani, MD;
- Christina Valatsou, MD;
- Efrosini Papadaki, MD, PhD;
- Antonios Vakis, MD, PhD;
- Karen L. Furie, MD;
- Steven M. Greenberg, MD, PhD;
- Andreas Plaitakis, MD, PhD
- Correspondence to Andreas Plaitakis, MD, PhD, Professor and Chairman,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71021, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. E-mail plaitakis@yahoo.com









